Holton, Samuel M. – June 1864-July 1865

Michigan Civil War Collection

Click here for this soldier’s biography: https://micivilwar.com/authors/holton-samuel-m/
Regiment: 2nd Michigan Infantry Battles Mentioned: Historical Figures: S. W. Holton Asst Surg 2nd Mich Inft Oct 8 1864 Lyman W [ ? ] Co C Left elbo [ ? ] bole Apr 20 Broke [ ? ] on [ ? ] R.R. Va Apr 20 [ ? ] at near Petersburg March at 6 am [ ? ] [ ? ] P[ ? ] 1 oclock PM [ ? ] in [ ? ] [ ? ] at 4 pm 22d [ ? ] 9 am Francis A Coleman Pvt [ ? ] Left hand metacarpal bone of 3d finger [ ? ] out ulnae siste of wrist Sidney J Jackson Pvt Co D left gron [ ? ] at left [ ? ] flesh wound left thigh Apr 3 + nates McBlall 2d Wm Narrin Prvt Co [ ? ] flesh wound left sholedr Geo[ ? ]McGee head right sile R Hiller Prvt Co B Right hand fore finger [ ? ] McGee [ ? ] PO Crollia [ ? ] N. [ ? ] Jacob Rells Jenborrville Wayne Co Mich Maj Thompson [ ? ] 14th St. Pa, av Horner W. Rowley Co. D. JK Hawkins Co G Magriete [ ? ] Intermitten [ ? ] Missing April 2d 186[ ? ] A J Jackson H Chas VanKleck “K” C [ ? ] B [ ? ] ” R Hiller ” Cap W Pickson E Ironmided September 1864 Sent to Division Hospital
1st Peter Lampman Priv Co F
5th John Akerman “ “ D
9th Theodore Shay “ “ E
“ Wm Emery “ “ “
“ Thomas A Jone “ “ A Varicose Veins
18 Jerome H Boyer “ “ K Died Sept 21st Chronic Diarrhia
25 Philip L Bristol “ “ D Dierrhia
29 Theodore Storman Crpl “ D Cholic
“ Henry Field [ ? ] “ D Dierrhia
“ Peter Cameron “ “ F [ ? ]
“ Wm Holfram Sergt “ E Dysentary Retd to duty Oct 17th 1864
“ Minor Heicks Priv “ A [ ? ]
Sent to Division Hospital Oct October 1864 31st Jas Ceve Private Co F
1st John Mull Private Co C Returned to duty Oct 4th
“ Allen “ “ C
“ John Smith “ “ B Returned to duty Oct 5th
5 Anthony Alorizo “ “ I Fracture [ ? ]
8 George Smith Corpl “ B Pneumonia [ ? ] Died Oct 11th 1864
“ John Smith Private “ B
10 Gardner Philips “ Co H Dysentary
12 Lorenzo [ ? ] “ “ B Dysentary
15 Henery S Pixley Cap Co B Disability of right hand from wound June 18 1864 [ ? ]
23 Louis Keller Priv Co B Continued Fever
25 Henry M Parker “ Co C Rheumatism
“ Richard Dunn “ Co G Old wound right shlder
“ Thos B Weston “ Co D [ ? ]
“ Emmett L Wheeler “ Co H Sympton of Pneu[ ? ]
“ Warren Mublen “ Co A Wound left fore arm
24 Eugene Fish “ Co C [ ? ]
27 Keyserr 1st Lieut Larnijitis
29 Jas Fitzgerald Priv Co I syphiles
E F Bryan Sergt Co I Old wound
1864 Causalities of September
Sep 30 Wounded
“ Capt Tullock Lenee
“ Lieut Holbrook Contusion of Back [ ? ] ball
“ Levant Palmer Privat Co B [ ? ] right leg “ “
“ Hercules Stannad Sergt Co F ” “ “ ankle ” “
“ Wm Clark Private “ C ” ” left leg” “
“ Jas Anderson “ “ K “ “ “ “ “ “
“ Wm Bendall Corpl “ K “ “ right leg “ “
“ Wm R Hawthorn “ K
Oct 4 Chas W. Turnbull Segt “ B killed [ ? ] ball penetrating thorax
” 8 Lyman W Russell Private C left arm amputated fract of Ulna + [ ? ]
27 Friderick Griman Corpl A Left thigh flesh wound [ ? ] ball H
“ Henry Leonherd Private A “ “ “ “ “ H
“ Lake Stage “ A Right lower 3d “ “ H
“ John Sparling “ B Contusion right side slight D
“ Geo T Lee “ F neck flesh wound H
“ Wm W Marshall “ D finger right hand H
“ Las E Simons “ C Head D
Missing Oct 27th 1864
Frederick Schneider 1t Lt Ac Ajt
Wm Snik Private Co E
Joseph Sleyer “ “ “
Theodore Snell “ “ K
Alvin E Hank “ “ D
 
Monthy Report of August 1864 Officers Wounded
Remaining at this report Men wounded 3
Sick sent to Hospital during month 21 August 31 excused 9-sick 8 wounded 1
Sick in quarters + wounded 3 average no sick daily 14 3/4
Killed 2 Total 34
Abscess 3 3 Mean strength of Officers 5
Boils 2 ” ” men 137
Constipation 2
Diarrhea accute 21
” Chronic 2
Dysentary accute 7
Colic 3
Jaundice 2
Hermia 1
Piles 3
Rheumatism accute 4
Fever [ ? ] 2
Fever Intermit 12
Typho Malaria 7
65
Notes for September
1st Aggregate 142 2nd Agg 142
excused 7 excused 7
Returned to Duty 1
sent to Div Hospt 1
3d Agg 147 4th Agg 147
Excused 10 Excused 7
Taken Sick 3 Returned to Duty 3
5 Agg 154 6 Agg 154
Excused 8 Excused 8
Taken Sick 1
Sent to Div Hospt 1
7 Agg 154 8 Agg 154
Excused 5 Excused 7
Returned to Duty 3
9th Agg 153 10 Agg 153
Excused 9 Excused 14
Taken Sick 2 Take Sick 5
Sent to Div Hospital 3
11 Agg 151 12 Agg 151
Excused 7 Excused 7
Returned to Duty 7
13 Agg 151 14 Aggregate 151
Excused 10 Excused 11
Take Sick 3 Taken sick 1
15 Aggregate 153 16 153
Excused 7 Excused 12
Return to Duty 4 Taken Sick 5
17 Agg 158 18 Agg 166
Excused 13 Exe 12
Retd to Duty 1
Sent to Div Hospt 1
19 Agg 166 20 Agg 165
Excused 11 Exe 13
Retd to Duty 1 Taken Sick 2 [ ? ]
21 166 22 Agg 166
Exe 20 Exe 16
Taken Sick 7 Returned to Duty 7
23 Aggre 168 24 Agg 168
Exe 15 Excused 14
Returned to Duty 1 Returned to Duty 1
25 Agg 168 26 Agg 168
Exe 6 Exe 6
Returned 8
Sent to Dive Hospt 1
27 Agg 168 28 Agg 168
Exe 8 Exe 8
Taken Sick 2
29 Agg 168 30 Agg 159
Officers 8
Exec 2
Sent to Div Hospt 5 Taken Sick 2
Date Sent to Division Hospital Sept 1st 1864
Sep
1st Peter Lampman Private Co F
5th John Akerman Private Co D
” 9th Theodore Shay Private Co E
” “ William Emery “ “ “
” “ T A Jones “ “ A
” 18th Jerome H Boyer Priv Co K
” 25th Philip J Bristol Private Co D
29 Theodore Storman Corpl Co D
“ Henery Freed Private Co D
“ Peter Cameron “ Co F
“ Wm [ ? ] Sergt Co E
“ Minor Heicks Privt Co A
Sep 1864 Sent to Div Hospital
Sep 30 Levant Palmer Private Co B
“ Hercules Stannard Sergt “ F
“ Wm Clark Private Co C
“ Las Anderson Private Co K
“ Wm Bendall Corpl Co K
“ Wm R Hawthorn Co K
The above was all wounded Sep 30th 1864 Missing Sep 30 Commisd Officr 1 Enlisted Men 10 Total= 11 List of Medicine [ ? ] recieved from Brigade Medical Waggon Dr Wheelan in Charg
Sep 12th 1864
Opii Linct 31
Magnesin Sulfh
Morph Sulfh 355
Ipecacet Opinpels 355
Pills cathert Camp doz j
Sept 15th Liquor [ ? ] 31 j
Maynese Sulpher lb j
Dr. Aames 60 Pill cathert camp doz y
O Linci sulphas 3T
Roller bandages doz t
Accasia [ ? ] 3 T
Ink bott 1
[ ? ] [ ? ] 1/2
Ary. uit. [ ? ] 3 T
P[ ? ] 3 T
” 18th [ ? ] Plaste yd 1
September 19th 1864 Bal Cohabia 3 jv
Ether [ ? ] 3jv
Pill cathal camp doz jv
The cac el opii [ ? ] 3j
Syringe penis No 1
Spirits [ ? ] bot 1
Paper writing Qr 1/4
May nesi sulphr lb 1
Sept 23d Opii Pulo 3 1/2
Lig ammonia 3 2
Thaynesia Sulph lb 1
Mustard ” 1
28th Tr opii 3 y
” ” Et [ ? ] 3 y
Opii Pulo 3 y
Fluid [ ? ] 3 y
Mag. Sulphas lbs 1
October 1864 Mass Heyd[ ? ] 3 s.s
Mag. Sulphas lb 1
[ ? ] 3 j
Pills Cilhort camp Dozs TV
13th Spts Uni Gollics Bott 1
[ ? ] opii [ ? ] 3 s.s
Campher [ ? ] 2 s.s
Paper writing Qrs SS
22nd [ ? ] 3 jv
“ ” Sodine 3 j
” Opii 3 y
Paper writing 2[ ? ] ¼
Opii pulu 3 ½
[ ? ] 3 ½
29 Envelope large no 6
Paper writing Qrs 1/4
31 [ ? ] oz 1/2
Causalities in 2nd Regt Mich Inf Sep 30th 1864 Wounded Lieut Holbrook Contusion of back [ ? ] Ball Levant Palmer Prvt Co B Flesh wound right leg [ ? ] Hercules Stannard Serg Co F Flesh wound right ankle [ ? ] Wm Clark Private Co. C Flesh wound left Leg [ ? ] ball James Anderson Private Co K Left leg flesh worried Wm Bendall Cap Co K right leg flesh wound Hawthorn Wm R Co K October Charles Trumball Sergt Co B Killed Oct 4th on picket Missing 3 Total 4 Notes for October
1st agg 134 2nd agg 143
exc 3 exc 3
Taken sick 1 sent to Div Hospt 1
Sent to Div Hospt 2
3d agg 137 4th agg 143
exc 5 exc 2
Returned Duty 3
5th agg 143
exc 7
Taken sick 5
Discharge Oct 11th 1864 Morris Sharpie Private Co. G By reason of Cardiac Hypertrophy and Vacular deficiency at Aostic opening existing previous to enlistment and hernia the [ ? ] of which is undetermined Edward Flynn Private Co I Transfered to Invalid Crops By reason of varicose veins Richard Dunn Private Co G transferred to Invalid Corps by reason of Anchylosis of right sholder joint caused by wound recieved June 18th Thomas A Jones Privt Co A Discharged from Srvce Oct 31st 1864 Varicose veins [ ? ] [ ? ] enlistment Sent to Div Hospital Oct
Discharged [ ? ] Oct 4th
1st John Mull Private Co. C
Allen Private Co. C
John Smith Private Co. B
Returned Oct 5
5th Anthony Alonzo Private Co. I
Fracture of tibula of right leg
8th George Smith Corpl Co B
Feb [ ? ]
8th John Smith Private Co B
10th Gardner Philips Priv Co H
Dysentery
12th Lorenzo [ ? ] Priv Co B
Dysentery
15th Henry S. Pixley Corpl Co B
disability of right hand caused by wound recieve June 18th 1864
13 Sick Remaining at last report General Summary for September 1864
2 Wounded
Tabular List 15 Total
Diarrhea Acute 25 45 Taken Sick taken sick during the month
” Chronic 1 Wounded
Feb Ressultant 5 45 Total
Dysentery Acute 5 60 Aggregate result
Pneumonia 1 25 Returned to Duty
Varicose Veins 1 28 Sent to Genl Hospt
Piles 2 1 Died
Constipation 1 6 Sick Remaining
Gonorrhora 2 Wounded
Syphilis 1 6 Total
Jaundice 1 1 Commissioned offiersick
Total 45 44 Enlisted MenSick
Died 1 1 Died
S. M. HoltonRe[ ? ] Sep 30In Hospital 4″ Quarters 2Total 6 9 Officers [ ? ]of command
149 Enlisted Men
158 Total
4 In Hospital average no ofsick report daily
9 In Quarters
13 Total
Notes for October 1864 Tyhho Material [ ? ] 1 Feb Renuttent 1.1.1.1 Diarrhea Acute 1.1.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Dysentery ” 1.1.1. Sun Stroke 1. Bronclutis Acute 1.1. Pneumonia 1. Ery cpilas 1. Laryngities 1. Enheritis 1. Splhiles 1.
October 1864 Aggregate Excused Taken Sick Retd to Duty Sent to Div Hospt Oct 1864 Aggregate excused taken sick retd to duty sent to Div Hospital Remarks
Sep 30th 167 2 2 7 Wounded 11missing 20 160 7 1
Oct 1st 134 3 1 2 21st 160 8 1 Commss. Officer 1
” 2nd 143 3 1 22n 160 6 2
3d 137 5 2 23d 160 7 1
4th 143 2 2 24 160 7 Com Off 1
5th 143 7 5 1 25th 160 8 1
6th 145 7 26 160 7 1
7th 147 7 27th 160 1 6
8th 147 6 1 2 28th 160 2 1 Comm Officer 1
9th 146 7 1 29th 137 2 2 2
10 146 8 1 1 30th 138 4 2
11th 146 6 2 31st 145 2 2 1
12th 148 9 3 1
13th 148 9
14th 148 7 2
15th 148 7 1
16th 148 6
17th 148 8 2
18th 148 7 1
19th 148 8 1
Casualities of October 1864 4th Killed on the 4th Chas W Trinnbull 1st Sergt Co while on picket [ ? ] ball passing throught chest 5th Anthony Alonzo Private Co I Fracture of fibula of right Leg 8th Lyman W Russell Priv Co C Left arm fract of Ulna flesh wound [ ? ] ball serious
[ ? ] 1864 Agg Exc Tak sick Retd Duty Sent to Hosp
1st 145 4 2
2nd 145 5 1
3d 185 2 1 4
4th 185 4 2
5 183 3 1
6th 183 4 1
7th 183 5 1
Morng Report 2amApr 3d 1865 [ ? ]
15 8 2 5 2 15
November Pneumonia 1.1. Dysentery acute 1. Diarrhea 1.1.11 Fever Intermitt 1.1 November 1864 Sent To Div Hospital 2nd Schalod J Townes Pvt. Co H Pneumonia “ “ Andrew Archer Priv Co K Pneumonia 3d Wm Wolfram Sergt Co E “ “ Chronic Diarrhea “ “ Gilbert Parrish Corpl Co E Old Wound Contents of Box left at Alexandria in store April 26th 1864
Towels No 11 Iol Chlo Sodae 1. Bottle
Alcohol 1 Bot. Sinchonce Sulph 8 oz
Castor Oil 1 “ Spte Eth Nitric 8 “
Chloroform 8 oz E[ ? ]t Beef 2 cans
Pins Papers 1 “ Coffee 1.9 all
Amm. [ ? ] 8 oz Tourniquts Spiral 2
Cerptes Snpl 1 lb “ field 3
Salts 7 “ Lini pulo 1 box
Spinge Mustord 4 tins
Tea 3 lb Red flannel
Ceton Bat Ethe Sulph 1 Bottle
Syrup Scillae Lint 1 lb
Hone 1 Binders b[ ? ] 6 pieces
B[ ? ]tl boxes Medicin glass 1
Lrasses Smgle 2 Isengtars plaste 2 yds
Bed Sack 6 Pill cases 4
Spts Elh Camp 8 oz Acid Tanmin 1 oz
Scto Et Potasstat 1lb Mor[ ? ]
Blank book Cappy [ ? ] 3
Lantern 1
Acocia puh Erit S[ ? ] 4 oz
Bandages 1 box “ Sinchonae 8 oz
Soap 2 lb
1 bale 2 Rubber bed covers 4 Single Blankets 4 Bed sacks Casualties July 1st 1864 Wm Preectly Prvt Co D flesh wound left hand Dorel Aldridge Prvt Co B flesh wound left Cheek Erwin C. Peck Prvt Co G head left side penetretary July 2d Alexande Pickard Sergt Co B foot left milstarsal [ ? ] Chas Webber Prvt Co B 3d finger Ch[ ? ] Gorling Prvt Co A flesh wound left thigh Harlon Geer Prvt Co G contusion of forehead Jos Root Prvt Co D flesh wound left leg Casualties July 3d Robert Ford Prvt Co H wound of back after Dirsal vertebra died July 6th July 5 Berry 2d Lt Co A left buttocks flesh wound July 6th Johnson Capt Co I flesh wd left thigh July 7th Wallac Parker Priv Co F flesh wound buttocks July 9th Thos J Odell Pvt Co A left [ ? ] [ ? ] Saml Wasson Pvt Co G lower jaw fracture left side July 13th Wm D Green Pvt Co C back of neck July 14th Taron Anderson Pvt B right buttocks entering at [ ? ] Died July 15th July 16th Harlburt Riggs 2d Lt Co D flesh wound left thigh + metacarpl bone of left hand pistol acidental July 18th John F Edwin Prvt Co B flesh wound left thigh Casualties July 19th Frank McGraw Corpl N flesh wound left thigh July 20th Thos Casey Private C right Ilium + abdomen July 22d Wm Sutherby Prvt E fracture right thumb flesh would left fingers July 23d Wm Smith Prvt Co E flesh wound both thighs July 25 Theodore L Miller Prvt C right side abdomen McCloud Prvt K flesh right arm July 30th Killed Capt John L Younge Co G 1st Lt John Bush ” N Sergt David Rumbaugh G Prvt Geo W Curbs B Redman E Wounded July 30th John L Moore Capt Co E left shoulder + right fract John N Barnes Capt Co B left shoulder John Anderson 2d Lieut right leg contusion HH Janniels Ajt right shoulder Wounded July 30th continued RS Vicker Asst Sug left thigh flesh wound Joseph Friend Corpl flesh wd face Edward Bolmer Prvt K Rt shoulder flesh wd Shrague Corpl B Left side contusion Christ Argle Pvt Co B chin flesh wound T R Fish Sergt Sholdr contusion slight John Shoey Prvt Co D leg flesh wound Crandall Cap K Aena Saml B Helon Pvt K Thigh flesh wound Isa Telson ” K abdomen sever Richard Dunn Corpl G left arm sever Washington G[ ? ] ” G left arm [ ? ] H Moore Private G leg slight Jno Holbrook Sergt H left side of neck contusion Theodir Doud Sergt both thighs fracture Henery Kennvell Corpl H rt leg amputate SM Daken Sergt I left arm flesh wound Missing Co A Joseph Berry 2d Lt Wm Gundlock Sergt Jno Funer Privt Geo Bell ” R Graven ” Jos Garber ” SB Rogers R Hoga[ ? ] Missing Co B July 30th Jas Hill Private Thos Flannegan ” Co C S I Ryder Private N F Miller ” LL Cornell ” Leon Wes[ ? ] ” Chas Danniels ” Baird “ Co E Israel Rano Prvt Shankli[ ? ] “ Larer Co F Albert Shultz Corpl M. Richardson ” Robt Hetchuson Wm Allen Co G Wm English Pvt Jerring “ Jno [ ? ] Abram Fish Jesse Gaines Sergt Co H Jno Martin Jno Renholn Co I Henery Vrooman Pvt Richards ” “ Geo Rhodes ” Phill Hester ” White ” Killed Wounded Missing 5 22 36 Total 63 Grge Ander $2.00 Dallin Phisndy 2.00 WS Disperate 4 00 Words Procha 3 25 Robert Ford Co N 2d Jas Hodges ” G 2d J Blanchard Co D E C Beck Asa Tuleson Co E Theodor Doud Co H F Anderson Co B No 1 Wm Whaley Co C ” 2 J Newell Co I ” 3 Rich Gardner ” I ” 4 Alfred Ri[ ? ] ” G ” 5 Johnath Simons ” B ” 6 Theodor Doud ” H ” 7 Jo Anderson ” B ” 8 Asa Tuleson ” E ” 9 Robt Ford ” H ” 10 Jas Hodges ” G Killed June 17th 186
Levi Hilton Corpl Co G
Jas Lacy Prvt Co B
Jno Newell “ “ I
Jonathan E Simons “ “ B
Robt T Middleworth “ “ E
June 18th
Edwin M Smith Sergt “ A
Jno O Boien Prvit “ B
Jos Lentz “ B
Richd O McWhorten Sergt “ C
E.C. Holmes Sergt D
Alfred Rowe Col. [ ? ] G
John C Closson Sergt N
Martin Fethy Corpl N
Smith Starton Prvt N
Chas Schwiegest “ N
Cornelius Collins “ N
Geo A Miller “ F
Silas Carter “ B
W H Snider “ G
Killed June 21st Richard Gardnier Prvt Co I July 30th John L Younge Capt Co G [ ? ] John Bush 1st Lieut ” N Rebbels Sergt Daniel Rumbaugh Co G hands Geo. W Curtis Prvt Co B August 12th Wm F Whaley Privt Co C August 19th Wm H Barnum Prvt Co E Lyman W Russell Co C Elbow left arm Vacc[ ? ] June 7th Geo Bell Prvt Co A Munson Co B Rx Alun ZJ JH Olney Co K [ ? ] Sulph[ ? ] List of 2nd Mich Men taken prisoners + in hospital Petersburgh Va I Martin Co H 2nd Mich Died Aug 8th 1864 P Hester Co I 2nd Mich Died Aug 11th 1864 Lieut Joseph Berry 2nd Mic Co A Died Aug 21st 64 Michael White Co I 2nd Mich wound in Hospt Petersburg July Lt Lt Anderson Dr to cash $20 3d Col Schneider $30 3d Lt Fish $10 C Fisher $10 4th Hall $10 4th Bentley $10 June 28th Board $10 Lieut Anderson “10 Saddle Leathr 15 10 Lieut Fisher 20 1864 Mess account Sept 17th Paid Bently $3.00 Se 24th ” ” 3.00 Oct 4th ” ” 5.00 ” 17th ” ” 5.00 Nov 5 ” ” 5.00 July 1865 Paid 3d Col Schneider $30 3d Chris Fisher $10 13th Ajt Fish $20 13 C Fisher $30 McMurray C G [ ? ] Paid into Miss June 12th 1864 Jun 12 Paid Zeph $10.00 $10.00 July List of Articles turned in to be Condemned according to Orders of Sep 17th by Dr McDonald 2 Backet Cases 1 sets tooth erct instruments 1 Syringe hand rub 8oz 1 [ ? ] 1 Graitude glass 2 oz 2 Spatulas 3 Prs Scissors large 1 Hone 1 Minin glass 1 Mortar + Pestle 1 Hospt Mess Chest [ ? ] List of Articles turned in to [ ? ] Hosptal Sep 21st 1864
Spts Terebuth oz 14
Soda Bicerb lb 1/2
Ext Colch Seeds oz 4
Syrup Scillae oz 8
Ext [ ? ] oz 8
Plumbi Acetas oz 4
Alum oz 8
Iodide Potass oz 2
Pill Hydrery lb 1/2
Potass Chloras “ 1/2
Surgeons Lint yds 4
Roller bandages Doz 2
Adhesive Plaster yds 5
Suspensory Bandages No 3
Aryt Nd Chlgst oz 1/2
Ungt Hydroy lb 1
” ” nitrates “ 1/2
Spittoons No 2
Lpecacumber pilu 3 8
List of Men recomended for discharge Co A age 58 Thomas A Jones Division Hospt Varicose Veines + Dysentery Edward Behmer Prv Co N Present with Regt Enlisted March 21st for 3 years aged 54 Rheumatism John Mull Pv Co C Presant with regt Adams Morgan Priv Co N sent to [ ? ] Hospital Edward Flynn Pv Co I Varicose Veines Veteran Cornelius Bigalow Priv Co C Rheumatism 52 years of age Sharpie Div Hospt Captain James G. Payne, Assistant Quar- termaster, with General Rucker [ ? ]Office, Eighteenth and G streets. Captain D. G. Thomas, Military Store- keeper—Office, 304 H, near Seventeenth street. Captain C. H. Tompkins, in charge of Quartermaster’s Stores, Wagon Transporta- tion, &c.–Office, corner Twenty-second and G streets. Captain E. S. Allen, Assistant Quarter- master in charge of River Transportation—